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Unit converter

Thicknesses, pressures and temperatures: the conversions you redo constantly when reading a foreign report.

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Industrial process instrumentation — Tool

Enter a value in any field: the others follow.

Thickness

Millimetres

Inches

Mils

Pressure

Bar

PSI

MPa

Temperature

Celsius

Fahrenheit

Kelvin

Why precisely these units

Non-destructive testing reports pass between teams and contractors that do not use the same units. A report produced to an Anglo-American standard gives thicknesses in inches or mils and pressures in psi; the French operating file expects them in millimetres and bar.

The conversion is trivial, and that is exactly why it gets done in one's head, with the errors that entails. A thickness converted wrongly in a history distorts a corrosion rate for ten years.

Definition

The industrial unit converter turns a quantity expressed in one unit into another: pressure, temperature, length, flow rate or mass. It prevents manual conversion errors, common between the international system and the imperial units still found on many pieces of equipment and technical documentation. Each conversion relies on a fixed factor or relation between the two units.

Formula

Main relations: 1 bar = 100,000 Pa = 100 kPa; 1 bar = 14.5038 psi (pounds per square inch); 1 psi = 6,894.76 Pa. Temperatures: T(K) = T(degrees C) + 273.15. Length: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. These relations are exact or standardised; only the unit changes, not the physical quantity.

How to use this tool

Choose the quantity to convert: pressure, temperature, length, flow rate or mass.
Select the source unit and the target unit.
Enter the value, then apply the corresponding conversion factor or relation.
Check the order of magnitude of the result to rule out a factor error, common between bar, Pa and psi.

Worked example

Convert 10 bar to psi: 10 x 14.5038 = 145.04 psi. In pascals, 10 bar = 1,000,000 Pa, that is 1 MPa. Same need for temperature: a fluid at 120 degrees C equals 120 + 273.15 = 393.15 K.

References

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), The International System of Units (SI Brochure).

Frequently asked questions

Why does the mil appear among the thicknesses?

Because it recurs in reports of American origin, where thicknesses and losses are expressed in thousandths of an inch. A mil is 0.0254 mm: an error by a factor of a thousand is soon made.

Are the conversions rounded?

The display is, the calculation is not. Carry the displayed value across into a document bearing in mind the precision of the original measurement: converting never adds precision.

Why the kelvin next to the degrees?

Because temperature differences are handled in kelvin in calculations, whereas reports are written in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Moving from one to the other without getting the zero wrong avoids misreadings.

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